The reason a musician writes a piece of music ultimately comes down to one thing: someone has to listen to it. Sheet music is nothing when it stays in a drawer. It becomes music only when it is played and reaches the ears of an audience. Therefore, for composers of any era, ‘releasing’ or ‘publishing’ their work was as desperate a task as creating it.<\/p>\n
The problem was that for Franz Schubert (1797\u20131828), this natural process was blocked from the very beginning.<\/p>\n
Until the 18th century, there were generally two ways for a composer to make a living. One was to secure a stable position at a court or church (Kapellmeister), and the other was to become an exclusive musician for an aristocratic patron, like Haydn. Beethoven lived during the transitional period when these two models were collapsing, yet he was almost the only example of someone who succeeded in becoming an independent “free artist” by combining pensions from multiple aristocratic patrons, large public concerts, and publication revenues.<\/p>\n
Schubert could not walk either of these paths.<\/p>\n
In summary, what Schubert faced was not a “lack of talent” but the “absence of a market itself.” The avenues to present his music to the public\u2014courts, opera houses, profitable publishing contracts, and large public stages\u2014were not available to him from the start.<\/p>\n
What is important here is that Schubert did not stop composing or go into seclusion in the face of this reality. Instead of relying on paths that the system refused to open, he persistently carved out paths he could open himself.<\/p>\n
\u2460 Self-Publishing Through Friends \u2014 The Origins of the Schubertiade<\/strong> \u2461 Utilizing Salons as Alternative Stages<\/strong> \u2462 Focusing on Genres Suited for Salons and Homes<\/strong> \u2463 The Final Gambit, March 26, 1828<\/strong> Ultimately, for Schubert, “where music dwells” was not where he wanted it to be, but where he could have it. The court, the opera house, and stable publishing contracts did not exist for him. Instead, he connected all these small spaces\u2014a friend’s living room, a list of subscribers, the sheet music on an amateur musician’s piano, and the single large stage permitted to him at the end of his life\u2014to bring his music to the world.<\/p>\n What he left behind is not a record of glamorous success, but the persistent practice of a man who created a pathway when there was none. And precisely because of that persistence, nearly 200 years after his death, his Lieder and chamber music are still being played, and are still reaching someone’s ears today.<\/p>\n Note: Among the paintings depicting a Schubertiade, the most famous is the work of the painter Moritz von Schwind (1804\u20131871)<\/strong>. Since Schwind was a close friend of Schubert and an actual attendee of the Schubertiade, his paintings are valued not merely as works of imagination, but as documentary evidence of the atmosphere of the time.<\/em><\/p>\n Schubertiade, Unfinished Sketch (Circle of Moritz von Schwind)<\/strong><\/p>\n This painting is a study left by the painter Moritz von Schwind, a close friend of Schubert and an actual attendee of the Schubertiade. As can be seen from the unfinished outlines of the figures in the background, it is not a completed work but closer to a sketch based on memories of the scene. On the left is a figure sitting at the piano and a singer looking at sheet music next to him; in front of them, elegantly dressed women sit at arm’s length. This scene, where there is no separation between the stage and the audience, captures the typical atmosphere of the ‘Schubertiade’, which continued for over seven years from its first recorded occurrence on January 26, 1821, at the home of Franz von Schober, until at least the last large gathering during Schubert’s lifetime in January 1828 (at the home of Joseph von Spaun).<\/p>\n For Schubert, who possessed neither a court position, nor the doors of an opera house, nor a stable publishing income, such a living room was almost the only stage where his music could actually resonate. In these settings, he premiered his newly finished Lieder and piano pieces; the singer Johann Michael Vogl sang his songs; and the intellectuals of Vienna\u2014poets, painters, and court officials\u2014discussed art throughout the night. Even his masterpiece Winterreise<\/em> was first unveiled at Schober’s house in the autumn of 1827. The informal seating arrangement and the female-centric audience depicted in the painting show that this gathering was not for mere “viewing” but was predicated on “being together,” serving as a stage that the composer, shut out of grand theaters, had created for himself.<\/p>\n La raison pour laquelle un musicien \u00e9crit un morceau de musique se r\u00e9sume finalement \u00e0 une chose : quelqu’un doit l’\u00e9couter. Une partition n’est rien lorsqu’elle reste dans un tiroir. Elle ne devient musique que lorsqu’elle est jou\u00e9e et atteint les oreilles d’un public. Ainsi, pour les compositeurs de toute \u00e9poque, \u00ab publier \u00bb ou \u00ab pr\u00e9senter \u00bb leur \u0153uvre \u00e9tait une t\u00e2che aussi d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e que de la cr\u00e9er.<\/p>\n Le probl\u00e8me \u00e9tait que, pour Franz Schubert (1797\u20131828), ce processus naturel fut bloqu\u00e9 d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but.<\/p>\n Jusqu’au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, il y avait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement deux fa\u00e7ons pour un compositeur de gagner sa vie. La premi\u00e8re consistait \u00e0 obtenir un poste stable \u00e0 la cour ou \u00e0 l’\u00e9glise (Ma\u00eetre de chapelle), et la seconde \u00e9tait de devenir le musicien exclusif d’un m\u00e9c\u00e8ne aristocratique, comme Haydn. Beethoven v\u00e9cut pendant la p\u00e9riode de transition o\u00f9 ces deux mod\u00e8les s’effondraient, et pourtant, il fut presque le seul exemple de quelqu’un ayant r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 devenir un \u00ab artiste libre \u00bb ind\u00e9pendant en combinant les pensions de multiples m\u00e9c\u00e8nes aristocratiques, de grands concerts publics et les revenus de publication.<\/p>\n Schubert n’a pu emprunter aucune de ces deux voies.<\/p>\n En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, ce \u00e0 quoi Schubert a \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9 n’\u00e9tait pas un \u00ab manque de talent \u00bb mais \u00ab l’absence d’un march\u00e9 en soi \u00bb. Les voies pour pr\u00e9senter sa musique au public \u2014 cours, op\u00e9ras, contrats d’\u00e9dition rentables et grandes sc\u00e8nes publiques \u2014 ne lui \u00e9taient pas accessibles d\u00e8s le d\u00e9part.<\/p>\n Ce qui est important ici, c’est que Schubert n’a pas cess\u00e9 de composer ni ne s’est isol\u00e9 face \u00e0 cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Au lieu de s’en remettre aux chemins que le syst\u00e8me refusait de lui ouvrir, il a obstin\u00e9ment trac\u00e9 des chemins qu’il pouvait ouvrir lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n \u2460 L’auto-\u00e9dition par des amis \u2014 Les origines de la Schubertiade<\/strong> \u2461 L’utilisation des salons comme sc\u00e8nes alternatives<\/strong> \u2462 Se concentrer sur les genres adapt\u00e9s aux salons et aux foyers<\/strong> \u2463 Le coup de poker final, 26 mars 1828<\/strong> En fin de compte, pour Schubert, \u00ab l\u00e0 o\u00f9 r\u00e9side la musique \u00bb n’\u00e9tait pas l’endroit o\u00f9 il souhaitait qu’elle soit, mais l\u00e0 o\u00f9 il pouvait l’avoir. La cour, l’op\u00e9ra et les contrats d’\u00e9dition stables n’existaient pas pour lui. Au lieu de cela, il a reli\u00e9 tous ces petits espaces \u2014 le salon d’un ami, une liste de souscripteurs, la partition sur le piano d’un musicien amateur, et la seule grande sc\u00e8ne qui lui a \u00e9t\u00e9 accord\u00e9e \u00e0 la fin de sa vie \u2014 pour offrir sa musique au monde.<\/p>\n Ce qu’il a laiss\u00e9 derri\u00e8re lui n’est pas le r\u00e9cit d’un succ\u00e8s glamour, mais la pratique tenace d’un homme qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un chemin l\u00e0 o\u00f9 il n’y en avait pas. Et c’est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette t\u00e9nacit\u00e9 que, pr\u00e8s de 200 ans apr\u00e8s sa mort, ses Lieder et sa musique de chambre sont toujours jou\u00e9s, et continuent d’atteindre les oreilles de quelqu’un aujourd’hui.<\/p>\n Remarque : Parmi les peintures repr\u00e9sentant une Schubertiade, la plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre est l’\u0153uvre du peintre Moritz von Schwind (1804\u20131871)<\/strong>. Puisque Schwind \u00e9tait un ami proche de Schubert et un participant r\u00e9el \u00e0 la Schubertiade, ses peintures sont pr\u00e9cieuses non seulement comme \u0153uvres d’imagination, mais aussi comme t\u00e9moignages documentaires de l’atmosph\u00e8re de l’\u00e9poque.<\/em><\/p>\n Schubertiade, croquis inachev\u00e9 (Entourage de Moritz von Schwind)<\/strong><\/p>\n Cette peinture est une \u00e9tude laiss\u00e9e par le peintre Moritz von Schwind, un ami proche de Schubert et participant r\u00e9el \u00e0 la Schubertiade. Comme on peut le voir aux contours inachev\u00e9s des personnages \u00e0 l’arri\u00e8re-plan, il ne s’agit pas d’une \u0153uvre achev\u00e9e mais plut\u00f4t d’un croquis bas\u00e9 sur les souvenirs de la sc\u00e8ne. \u00c0 gauche se trouve un personnage assis au piano et un chanteur regardant une partition \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de lui ; devant eux, des femmes \u00e9l\u00e9gamment v\u00eatues sont assises \u00e0 port\u00e9e de main. Cette sc\u00e8ne, o\u00f9 il n’y a pas de s\u00e9paration entre la sc\u00e8ne et le public, capture l’atmosph\u00e8re typique de la \u00ab Schubertiade \u00bb, qui s’est poursuivie pendant plus de sept ans depuis sa premi\u00e8re occurrence enregistr\u00e9e le 26 janvier 1821 au domicile de Franz von Schober, jusqu’au moins le dernier grand rassemblement du vivant de Schubert en janvier 1828 (au domicile de Joseph von Spaun).<\/p>\n Pour Schubert, qui ne poss\u00e9dait ni poste \u00e0 la cour, ni acc\u00e8s aux portes d’un op\u00e9ra, ni revenus stables de l’\u00e9dition, un tel salon \u00e9tait presque la seule sc\u00e8ne o\u00f9 sa musique pouvait r\u00e9ellement r\u00e9sonner. Dans ces cadres, il cr\u00e9ait sur place ses Lieder et pi\u00e8ces pour piano fra\u00eechement achev\u00e9s ; le chanteur Johann Michael Vogl interpr\u00e9tait ses chansons ; et les intellectuels de Vienne \u2014 po\u00e8tes, peintres et fonctionnaires de la cour \u2014 discutaient d’art tout au long de la nuit. M\u00eame son chef-d’\u0153uvre Le Voyage d’hiver<\/em> (Winterreise) a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9voil\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois chez Schober \u00e0 l’automne 1827. La disposition informelle des si\u00e8ges et le public \u00e0 pr\u00e9dominance f\u00e9minine repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans la peinture montrent que ce rassemblement n’\u00e9tait pas destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre un simple \u00ab spectacle \u00bb mais reposait sur le fait d’\u00ab \u00eatre ensemble \u00bb, servant de sc\u00e8ne que le compositeur, exclu des grands th\u00e9\u00e2tres, avait cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n \uc74c\uc545\uac00\uac00 \uace1\uc744 \uc4f0\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uacb0\uad6d \ud558\ub098\ub2e4. \ub204\uad70\uac00 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc545\ubcf4\ub294 \uc11c\ub78d \uc18d\uc5d0 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c \uc544\ubb34\uac83\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uc8fc\ub418\uace0, \uccad\uc911\uc758 \uadc0\uc5d0 \ub2ff\uace0, \uadf8 \uc21c\uac04 \ube44\ub85c\uc18c \uc74c\uc545\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc5b4\ub290 \uc2dc\ub300\ub4e0 \uc791\uace1\uac00\uc5d0\uac8c ‘\ubc1c\ud45c’\ub294 \ucc3d\uc791\ub9cc\ud07c\uc774\ub098 \uc808\ubc15\ud55c \uacfc\uc81c\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \ud504\ub780\uce20 \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8(1797\u20131828)\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc774 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud55c \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \ucc98\uc74c\ubd80\ud130 \ub9c9\ud600 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n 18\uc138\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc791\uace1\uac00\uac00 \uc0dd\uacc4\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \uae38\uc740 \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\uc600\ub2e4. \uad81\uc815\uc774\ub098 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d\ub41c \uc548\uc815\uc801 \uc9c1\ucc45(\uce74\ud3a0\ub9c8\uc774\uc2a4\ud130)\uc744 \uc5bb\uac70\ub098, \ud558\uc774\ub4e0\ucc98\ub7fc \uadc0\uc871 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc790\uc758 \uc804\uc18d \uc74c\uc545\uac00\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud1a0\ubca4\uc740 \uc774 \ub450 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ubb34\ub108\uc9c0\ub358 \uacfc\ub3c4\uae30\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4, \uadc0\uc871 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc790 \uc5ec\ub7ff\uc758 \uc5f0\uae08\uacfc \ub300\ud615 \uacf5\uac1c \uc5f0\uc8fc\ud68c, \ucd9c\ud310 \uc218\uc785\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud574 ‘\uc790\uc720 \uc608\uc220\uac00’\ub85c \uc790\ub9bd\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud55c \uac70\uc758 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\ub294 \uc774 \uc5b4\ub290 \uae38\ub3c4 \uac77\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc815\ub9ac\ud558\uba74, \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uac00 \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud55c \uac83\uc740 ‘\uc7ac\ub2a5 \ubd80\uc871’\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c ‘\uc2dc\uc7a5 \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \ubd80\uc7ac’\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \ub300\uc911\uc5d0\uac8c \ub4e4\ub824\uc904 \ud1b5\ub85c \u2014 \uad81\uc815\ub3c4, \uc624\ud398\ub77c \uadf9\uc7a5\ub3c4, \uc218\uc775\uc131 \uc788\ub294 \ucd9c\ud310 \uacc4\uc57d\ub3c4, \ub300\ud615 \uacf5\uac1c \ubb34\ub300\ub3c4 \u2014 \uac00 \uc560\ucd08\uc5d0 \ub9c8\ub828\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uac00 \uc774 \ud604\uc2e4 \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uc791\uace1\uc744 \uadf8\ub9cc\ub450\uac70\ub098 \uc740\ub454\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc81c\ub3c4\uac00 \uc5f4\uc5b4\uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uae38 \ub300\uc2e0, \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc5f4 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae38\uc744 \ub048\uc9c8\uae30\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \u2460 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc790\ube44 \ucd9c\ud310 \u2014 \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2f0\uc544\ub370\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0<\/strong> \u2461 \uc0b4\ub871\uc744 \ub300\uc548 \ubb34\ub300\ub85c \uc0bc\ub2e4<\/strong> \u2462 \uc0b4\ub871\uacfc \uac00\uc815\uc5d0 \ub9de\ub294 \uc7a5\ub974\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911<\/strong> \u2463 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uc2b9\ubd80\uc218, 1828\ub144 3\uc6d4 26\uc77c<\/strong> \uacb0\uad6d \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uc5d0\uac8c ‘\uc74c\uc545\uc774 \uba38\ubb34\ub294 \uacf3’\uc740 \uadf8\uac00 \uc6d0\ud588\ub358 \uacf3\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uadf8\uac00 \uac00\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uacf3\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uad81\uc815\ub3c4, \uc624\ud398\ub77c \uadf9\uc7a5\ub3c4, \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ucd9c\ud310 \uacc4\uc57d\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \ub300\uc2e0 \uadf8\ub294 \uce5c\uad6c\uc758 \uac70\uc2e4, \uc608\uc57d \uad6c\ub3c5\uc790 \uba85\ub2e8, \uc544\ub9c8\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc5f0\uc8fc\uc790\uc758 \ud53c\uc544\ub178 \uc704 \uc545\ubcf4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc0dd\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc5d0 \ub2e8 \ud55c \ubc88 \ud5c8\ub77d\ub41c \ud070 \ubb34\ub300 \u2014 \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc791\uc740 \uacf5\uac04\ub4e4\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4 \ubd99\uc5ec \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub0b4\ub193\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uadf8\uac00 \ub0a8\uae34 \uac83\uc740 \ud654\ub824\ud55c \uc131\uacf5\uc758 \uae30\ub85d\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ud1b5\ub85c\uac00 \uc5c6\uc744 \ub54c \ud1b5\ub85c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b8 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \ub048\uc9c8\uae34 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 \ub048\uc9c8\uae40 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0, \uadf8\uac00 \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ub5a0\ub09c \uc9c0 200\ub144 \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c \uc9c0\uae08\ub3c4 \uadf8\uc758 \uac00\uace1\uacfc \uc2e4\ub0b4\uc545\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc5f0\uc8fc\ub418\uace0, \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub204\uad70\uac00\uc758 \uadc0\uc5d0 \ub2ff\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ucc38\uace0: \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2f0\uc544\ub370\ub97c \uadf8\ub9b0 \uadf8\ub9bc \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ud654\uac00 \ubaa8\ub9ac\uce20 \ud3f0 \uc288\ube48\ud2b8(Moritz von Schwind, 1804\u20131871)<\/strong>\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc288\ube48\ud2b8\ub294 \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uc758 \uc808\uce5c\ud55c \uce5c\uad6c\uc774\uc790 \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2f0\uc544\ub370\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \ucc38\uc11d\uc790\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uadf8\uc758 \uadf8\ub9bc\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud654\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub2f9\ub300 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub97c \uc99d\uc5b8\ud558\ub294 \uc790\ub8cc\ub85c\ub3c4 \ud3c9\uac00\ubc1b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/em><\/p>\n \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2f0\uc544\ub370, \ubbf8\uc644\uc131 \uc2a4\ucf00\uce58 (\ubaa8\ub9ac\uce20 \ud3f0 \uc288\ube48\ud2b8 \uacc4\uc5f4)<\/strong><\/p>\n \uc774 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc740 \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uc758 \uc808\uce5c\ud55c \uce5c\uad6c\uc774\uc790 \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2f0\uc544\ub370\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \ucc38\uc11d\uc790\uc600\ub358 \ud654\uac00 \ubaa8\ub9ac\uce20 \ud3f0 \uc288\ube48\ud2b8\uac00 \ub0a8\uae34 \uc2b5\uc791\uc73c\ub85c, \ubc30\uacbd \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \ubbf8\uc644\uc131 \uc724\uacfd\uc120\uc5d0\uc11c \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub4ef \uc644\uc131\uc791\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \uae30\uc5b5\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uc2a4\ucf00\uce58\uc5d0 \uac00\uae5d\ub2e4. \uc67c\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 \ud53c\uc544\ub178 \uc55e\uc5d0 \uc549\uc740 \uc778\ubb3c\uacfc \uadf8 \uc606\uc5d0\uc11c \uc545\ubcf4\ub97c \ubcf4\uba70 \ub178\ub798\ud558\ub294 \uc131\uc545\uac00\uac00 \uc788\uace0, \uadf8 \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \ud654\ub824\ud558\uac8c \ucc28\ub824\uc785\uc740 \uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc774 \ud314\uc774 \ub2ff\uc744 \ub4ef\ud55c \uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub458\ub7ec\uc549\uc544 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubb34\ub300\uc640 \uac1d\uc11d\uc758 \uad6c\ubd84\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc774 \uc7a5\uba74\uc740, 1821\ub144 1\uc6d4 26\uc77c \ud504\ub780\uce20 \ud3f0 \uc1fc\ubc84\uc758 \uc790\ud0dd\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\uc74c \uae30\ub85d\ub41c \uc774\ub798 \ucd5c\uc18c 1828\ub144 1\uc6d4 \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8 \uc0dd\uc804 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ubaa8\uc784(\uc694\uc81c\ud504 \ud3f0 \uc288\ud30c\uc6b4 \uc790\ud0dd)\uae4c\uc9c0 7\ub144 \ub118\uac8c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4 ‘\uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2f0\uc544\ub370’\uc758 \uc804\ud615\uc801 \ud48d\uacbd\uc744 \ub2f4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uad81\uc815 \uc9c1\ucc45\ub3c4, \uc624\ud398\ub77c \uadf9\uc7a5\uc758 \ubb38\ub3c4, \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ucd9c\ud310 \uc218\uc785\ub3c4 \uac16\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub358 \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\ub7f0 \uac70\uc2e4\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc74c\uc545\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc6b8\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac70\uc758 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \ubb34\ub300\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \uac13 \uc644\uc131\ud55c \uac00\uace1\uacfc \ud53c\uc544\ub178\uace1\uc744 \uadf8 \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd08\uc5f0\ud588\uace0, \uc131\uc545\uac00 \uc694\ud55c \ubbf8\ud558\uc5d8 \ud3ec\uae00\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \uac00\uace1\uc744 \ub178\ub798\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc2dc\uc778\u00b7\ud654\uac00\u00b7\uad81\uc815 \uad00\ub9ac \ub4f1 \ube48\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc24\uc0c8 \uc608\uc220\uc744 \ub17c\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uadf8\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc791 \u300a\uaca8\uc6b8 \ub098\uadf8\ub124\u300b\uc870\ucc28 1827\ub144 \uac00\uc744 \uc1fc\ubc84\uc758 \uc9d1\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\uc74c \uacf5\uac1c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9bc \uc18d \uaca9\uc2dd \uc5c6\ub294 \uc549\uc74c\uc0c8\uc640 \uc5ec\uc131 \uc911\uc2ec\uc758 \uccad\uc911\uc740 \uc774 \ubaa8\uc784\uc774 ‘\uad00\ub78c’\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c ‘\ud568\uaed8 \uc788\uc74c’\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud55c \uc790\ub9ac\uc600\uc74c\uc744, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub300\uadf9\uc7a5\uc774 \ub2eb\ud600 \uc788\ub358 \uc791\uace1\uac00\uac00 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b8 \ubc1c\ud45c\uc758 \uc7a5\uc774\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The Essence of the Musician’s Profession The reason a musician writes a piece of music ultimately comes down to one thing: someone has to listen to it. Sheet music is nothing when it stays in a drawer. It becomes music only when it is played and reaches the ears of an audience. Therefore, for composers […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":54561,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-where-music-dwells"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/violinfoundation.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54559"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/violinfoundation.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/violinfoundation.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/violinfoundation.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54559"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/violinfoundation.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54562,"href":"https:\/\/violinfoundation.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54559\/revisions\/54562"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/violinfoundation.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/violinfoundation.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/violinfoundation.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/violinfoundation.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nIn 1821, friends stepped up for the still-unknown Schubert. When no publisher was willing to take the risk, Schubert’s acquaintances organized a subscription model to privately publish a collection of his works, including his Lied Erlk\u00f6nig<\/em>. When the market refused to accept him, the people who cared about him effectively created a “market” for him.<\/p>\n
\nWith grand theaters and opera houses closed to him, Schubert moved to spaces where his music could actually be heard. That was the ‘Schubertiade’. At these private gatherings held in the living rooms of wealthy friends or patrons, Schubert premiered his newly finished Lieder and piano pieces on the spot. The singer Michael Vogl sang his songs, and intellectuals of Vienna\u2014poets, painters, civil servants\u2014gathered to discuss music and art all night. This was not a mere social gathering, but a “stage for presentation” that a composer who could not afford a large stage created for himself.<\/p>\n
\nRather than clinging solely to grand operas or symphonies, which lacked popular demand, Schubert focused on the genres that were actually consumed in the bourgeois homes of Vienna at the time\u2014German Lieder and piano duets (four hands)\u2014producing them in large quantities and with exceptionally high quality. Because these pieces could be played by amateur enthusiasts at home, they actually began to provide a somewhat stable source of publishing income in the later part of his life (from the mid-1820s). He understood the format the market desired and pushed his music through within those boundaries.<\/p>\n
\nEight months before his death, Schubert held his first and last large-scale, ticketed public concert consisting entirely of his own works at the hall of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna. Realized with the help of his friends, this concert was a commercial success and brought him significant income. Coincidentally, however, Paganini began performing in Vienna just days later, monopolizing the city’s attention, and Schubert’s concert passed without receiving major attention from the press of the time.<\/p>\n3. Where Music Dwells<\/h2>\n
\nL’essence de la profession de musicien<\/h2>\n
1. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 structurelle : l’impossibilit\u00e9 de vivre de la musique<\/h2>\n
\n
2. Les mesures qu’il a prises malgr\u00e9 tout<\/h2>\n
\nEn 1821, des amis se sont mobilis\u00e9s pour un Schubert encore inconnu. Alors qu’aucun \u00e9diteur n’\u00e9tait pr\u00eat \u00e0 prendre le risque, les connaissances de Schubert ont organis\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me de souscription pour publier \u00e0 compte d’auteur un recueil de ses \u0153uvres, incluant son Lied Erlk\u00f6nig<\/em> (Le Roi des aulnes). Lorsque le march\u00e9 a refus\u00e9 de l’accepter, les personnes qui tenaient \u00e0 lui ont effectivement cr\u00e9\u00e9 un \u00ab march\u00e9 \u00bb pour lui.<\/p>\n
\nLes grands th\u00e9\u00e2tres et op\u00e9ras lui \u00e9tant ferm\u00e9s, Schubert s’est tourn\u00e9 vers des espaces o\u00f9 sa musique pouvait r\u00e9ellement \u00eatre entendue. Ce fut la \u00ab Schubertiade \u00bb. Lors de ces rassemblements priv\u00e9s tenus dans les salons d’amis fortun\u00e9s ou de m\u00e9c\u00e8nes, Schubert cr\u00e9ait sur place ses Lieder et pi\u00e8ces pour piano fra\u00eechement achev\u00e9s. Le chanteur Michael Vogl interpr\u00e9tait ses chansons, et les intellectuels de Vienne \u2014 po\u00e8tes, peintres, fonctionnaires \u2014 se r\u00e9unissaient pour discuter de musique et d’art toute la nuit. Il ne s’agissait pas d’un simple rassemblement social, mais d’une \u00ab sc\u00e8ne de pr\u00e9sentation \u00bb qu’un compositeur, ne pouvant s’offrir une grande sc\u00e8ne, avait cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n
\nPlut\u00f4t que de s’accrocher uniquement aux grands op\u00e9ras ou symphonies, qui manquaient de demande populaire, Schubert s’est concentr\u00e9 sur les genres qui \u00e9taient r\u00e9ellement consomm\u00e9s dans les foyers bourgeois de Vienne \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque \u2014 le Lied allemand et les duos pour piano (\u00e0 quatre mains) \u2014 les produisant en grande quantit\u00e9 et avec une qualit\u00e9 exceptionnelle. Parce que ces pi\u00e8ces pouvaient \u00eatre jou\u00e9es par des amateurs passionn\u00e9s \u00e0 la maison, elles ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 fournir une source de revenus d’\u00e9dition relativement stable dans la derni\u00e8re partie de sa vie (\u00e0 partir du milieu des ann\u00e9es 1820). Il a compris le format que le march\u00e9 d\u00e9sirait et y a impos\u00e9 sa musique.<\/p>\n
\nHuit mois avant sa mort, Schubert a organis\u00e9 son premier et dernier grand concert public payant, compos\u00e9 enti\u00e8rement de ses propres \u0153uvres, dans la salle de la Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde \u00e0 Vienne. R\u00e9alis\u00e9 avec l’aide de ses amis, ce concert fut un succ\u00e8s commercial et lui rapporta un revenu important. Par co\u00efncidence, cependant, Paganini a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se produire \u00e0 Vienne quelques jours plus tard, monopolisant l’attention de la ville, et le concert de Schubert est pass\u00e9 sans recevoir beaucoup d’attention de la part de la presse de l’\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n3. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 r\u00e9side la musique<\/h2>\n
\n\uc74c\uc545\uac00\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8<\/h2>\n
1. \uc74c\uc545\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c8\uc744 \ubc8c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ud604\uc2e4<\/h2>\n
\n
2. \uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uadf8\uac00 \uba48\ucd94\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ucde8\ud55c \ud589\ub3d9\ub4e4<\/h2>\n
\n1821\ub144, \ubb34\uba85\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub098\uc130\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub290 \ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac\ub3c4 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uac10\uc218\ud558\ub824 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc790, \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc608\uc57d \uad6c\ub3c5(subscription) \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1\ud574 \uadf8\uc758 \uac00\uace1 \u3008\ub9c8\uc655(Erlk\u00f6nig)\u3009\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc791\ud488\uc9d1\uc744 \uc790\ube44\ub85c \ucd9c\ud310\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc774 \uadf8\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc790, \uadf8\ub97c \uc544\ub07c\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \ub300\uc2e0 ‘\uc2dc\uc7a5’\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc900 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\n\ub300\uadf9\uc7a5\uacfc \uc624\ud398\ub77c\ud558\uc6b0\uc2a4\uac00 \ub2eb\ud600 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc74c\uc545\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc6b8\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544 \uc62e\uaca8\uac14\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc774 ‘\uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2f0\uc544\ub370(Schubertiade)’\ub2e4. \ubd80\uc720\ud55c \uce5c\uad6c\ub098 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc790\uc758 \uac70\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uc774 \uc0ac\uc801 \ubaa8\uc784\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\ub294 \uac13 \uc644\uc131\ud55c \uac00\uace1\uacfc \ud53c\uc544\ub178\uace1\uc744 \uadf8 \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd08\uc5f0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc131\uc545\uac00 \ubbf8\ud558\uc5d8 \ud3ec\uae00\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \uac00\uace1\uc744 \ub178\ub798\ud558\uace0, \uc2dc\uc778\u00b7\ud654\uac00\u00b7\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0 \ub4f1 \ube48\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\uc5ec \ubc24\uc0c8 \uc74c\uc545\uacfc \uc608\uc220\uc744 \ub17c\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc0ac\uad50 \ubaa8\uc784\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ub300\ud615 \ubb34\ub300\ub97c \uac00\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc791\uace1\uac00\uac00 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ub9c8\ub828\ud55c ‘\ubc1c\ud45c\uc758 \uc7a5’\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\n\uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\ub294 \ub300\uc911\uc801 \uc218\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub300\ud615 \uc624\ud398\ub77c\ub098 \uad50\ud5a5\uace1\uc5d0\ub9cc \ub9e4\ub2ec\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \ub2f9\uc2dc \ube48\uc758 \ubd80\ub974\uc8fc\uc544 \uac00\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc18c\ube44\ub418\ub358 \uc7a5\ub974 \u2014 \ub3c5\uc77c \uac00\uace1(Lied)\uacfc \ub124 \uc190\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud53c\uc544\ub178 \uc5f0\ud0c4\uace1 \u2014 \uc744 \ub300\ub7c9\uc73c\ub85c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub300\ub2e8\ud788 \ub192\uc740 \uc644\uc131\ub3c4\ub85c \uc368\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uace1\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ub9c8\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc560\ud638\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9d1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc5f0\uc8fc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30\uc5d0, \uadf8\uc758 \uc0dd\uc560 \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80(1820\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18 \uc774\ud6c4)\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ucd9c\ud310 \uc218\uc785\uc6d0\uc774 \ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc774 \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \ud30c\uc545\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc74c\uc545\uc744 \uad00\ucca0\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\n\uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098\uae30 8\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc804, \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\ub294 \uc0dd\uc560 \ucc98\uc74c\uc774\uc790 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc791\ud488\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uacf5\uac1c \uc720\ub8cc \uc5f0\uc8fc\ud68c\ub97c \ube48 \uc545\uc6b0\ud611\ud68c \ud640\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uc758 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc0ac\ub41c \uc774 \ubb34\ub300\ub294 \uc0c1\uc5c5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uacf5\uc744 \uac70\ub450\uc5b4 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc218\uc785\uc744 \uc548\uacbc\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \uacf5\uad50\ub86d\uac8c\ub3c4 \uba70\uce60 \ub4a4\ubd80\ud130 \ud30c\uac00\ub2c8\ub2c8\uac00 \ube48\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uc8fc\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uba70 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \ub3c5\ucc28\uc9c0\ud588\uace0, \uc288\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uc758 \uc774 \ubb34\ub300\ub294 \ub2f9\ub300 \uc5b8\ub860\uc758 \ud070 \uc8fc\ubaa9\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ucc44 \uc9c0\ub098\uac14\ub2e4.<\/p>\n3. \uc74c\uc545\uc774 \uba38\ubb34\ub294 \uacf3<\/h2>\n